Bio Molecules and Cellular Function

A biomolecule is any organic molecule that is produced by a living organism, including large polymeric molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products. As organic molecules, biomolecules consist primarily of carbon and hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, and, to a smaller extent, phosphorus and sulfur. Other elements sometimes are incorporated but are much less common.

Types of Biomolecule: Small molecules:

  • Lipids, phospholipids, glycolipids, sterols, glycerolipids
  • Carbohydrates, sugars
  • Vitamins oHormones, neurotransmitters
  • Metabolites •Monomers:
  • Amino acids
  • Nucleotides
  • Monosaccharides •Polymers:
  • Peptides, oligopeptides, polypeptides, proteins
  • Nucleic acids, DNA, RNA
  • Oligosaccharides, polysaccharides (including cellulose) oCellulose, lignin oHemoglobin
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