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Posts Tagged ‘biology’

This is a brief introduction to glyconutrients.  Glyconutrients are fuel for cells.

This course is part of a series taught by Kevin Ahern at Oregon State University on General Biochemistry. For more information about online courses go to ecampus.oregonstate.edu 1. An interesting transporter is the Na+/Ca++ exchange pump (not shown in a figure in class, but described). It uses movement of Na+ in to cells to be a driving force for pumping Ca++ out. Remember than Ca++ stimulates muscular contraction. If Ca+ is not pumped OUT, its concentration in muscle cells remains high, stimulating contraction. Digitoxigenin is a compound from foxglove that binds the Na+/K+ ATPase, preventing development of a Na+ gradient. As a consequence, digitoxigenin increases Ca++ concentration, since Ca++ pumping requires a Na+ gradient. Digitoxigenin is used as a heart stimulant. 2. Nerve cells use the gradient of Na+ and K+ built up by the Na+/K+ pump to transmit signals. In nerve transmission, special “gates” open and close to allow Na to diffuse into nerve cells and K to diffuse out of nerve cells. 3. The first step in nerve transmission involves opening of Na+ gates. These allow Na+ to diffuse into the cell, since Na+ concentration is higher outside of cells than inside. Movement of the positively charged sodium ion causes a change in the electrical potential of the cell near the Na+ gate. To compensate for the voltage change, the K+ gates open and Na+ gates close, allowing K+ to flow out of the cell. This results in an overcompensation of the voltage. The K+ gates close and …

“Helicases separate nucleic acid duplexes into their component strands using energy from ATP hydrolysis. The crystal structure of this DNA helicase from bacteriophage T7, reveals an hexagonal arrangement of six identical subunits. Surprisingly, the ring is not sixfold symmetric, but is slightly squished. A model for the mechanism of how the enzyme might work explains this structural asymmetry. Of the six potential ATP binding sites, two opposing ones bind ATP tightly, two are more likely to bind ADP and phosphate, and two are empty. These three states may interconvert in a coordinate fashion as ATP is hydrolyzed, creating a ripple effect that continuously runs around the ring. Because of these conformational changes, the loops that extend into the center hole of the ring—that are proposed to bind DNA—oscillate up and down, as seen in this cross section. The oscillating loops might pull a DNA strand through the central hole, thus unwinding the double helix in the process. A frontal view shows the full dynamics of this fascinating protein machine.”

A revision video about ATP synthesis for A level Biology (WJEC).
Song : Encore Une Fois [Original 12" Vocal Mix] – Sash! .

Comical as it seems this is the truth of the matter – your cells need the fuel to product that cellular energy called ATP that helps you do – everything! Think, move, act, calculate, the list goes on.

A AP Biology organelle project, don’t bother being critical it was a lot of fun. WWW.EVGFILM.COM

Isn’t it great that we have the ability today to scientifically see the functions that take place deep within the body on a cellular level? Our technology has also given us the ability to demonstrate what we have learned through a vast array of media, such as video. This fun little video look at the role of mitochondria gives us greater insight and understanding of how important it is to nourish the body, giving our cells the resources they need to feed those mitochondria powerplants.

Let’s talk a little more about PXP and the relation of Alfa PXP Forte and our cellular function. It’s not always a matter of what you eat, but whether or not your body can break down those foods and deliver them to the cells. No delivery, no service. PXP is processed through proprietary means that retain the pure food value yet deliver it to the cells. This means resources available to your body to perform its most basic functions, and for mitochondria that is creating energy, a vital role in our physical, mental and emotional ability to function.

Mighty Mitochondria Theme Lyrics:
Mitochondria are the most important part of the cell We power the others up, yeah we run it for real We bust that ATP up from behind the scenes Others taking credit for our e- to the n-ergy We provide power– ZAP We give it life– WHAT?! We make all your others get up off your molecules LIKE! ATP: Break that glucose down None other can get the job done without Mito-chondrion Power it up, cellular respiration All we need? Water and Oxygen! This a bad time? Save it for later, son! Mitochondria store the energy In the bonds of a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Break it down later release the energy The ‘Mighty Mitochondria’ Campaign “We’ve got the POWER!”

“ATP molecules store and supply energy for cellular processes. An ATP molecule contains three building blocks: the flat purine ring system containing multiple nitrogen atoms shown in blue, the ribose sugar in the middle, and the three phosphate groups with the phosphorus atoms shown in yellow.” Essential Cell Biology, Second Edition by Alberts, Bray, Hopkin, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, Walter copyright 2004 by Garland Science Publishing

Our mitochondria are tiny powerhouses, producing ATP or what we know as energy. This video gives a glimpse of what mitochondria are and how they serve us. It is vital that our mitochondria have the fuel they need to produce ATP. If the mitochondria have the necessary fuel to produce ATP then how will that affect our overall energy level and health?

mitochondria ATP synthesis

Learning about peptides doesn’t have to be boring or complicated. This video is a fun way to learn more about this topic.

Polypeptide Synthesis Song – Fergilicious This is our practical group assignment for Biology ! Excuse our voices, singing is none of our fortes. Also, sorry about the ending, something seems to have gone wrong with the syncing ! OH WELL. Heres hoping we get full marks. LYRICS BY: Lyna, Anna & Julie Listen up y’all Cause this is it The process of protein synthesis! Coding and translations how we form the polypeptides The DNA unwinds just like the zippers of our school bags Polymerase (is the enzyme) Splits the helix (for transcription) Cytosine (with Guanine) Thymine’s out of the equation Adenine – with Uracil Cause, they make the complement And now that they a shown, They will carry on the message mRNA (yeahh) Now it’s time for translation (we accidently sang “transcription”..) And it’ll leave the nucleus On a trip to cytoplasm (four, tres, two, uno!) Chorus: We’re in business ! With polypeptide synthesis It’s scientific ! Mix in some phosphate and sugar We’re in business ! With polypeptide synthesis It’s scientific ! (Ppppp-polypeptides) Amino acids yeah Amino acids yeah Amindo acids yeah They chain, chain, chain, chain. chain… Coding and translation how we form the polypeptides The mRNA is taken to the cytoplasm from the N to the U to the CLEUS Through the nuclear pores Into the cyto-destination Amino acids (form a chain) The ribosomes translates, So the tRNA, brings the right amino acids All the codons (ooh yeah !) Are matched with anti-codons Found on the tRNA And …