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This course is part of a series taught by Kevin Ahern at Oregon State University on General Biochemistry. For more information about online courses go to ecampus.oregonstate.edu 1. An interesting transporter is the Na+/Ca++ exchange pump (not shown in a figure in class, but described). It uses movement of Na+ in to cells to be a driving force for pumping Ca++ out. Remember than Ca++ stimulates muscular contraction. If Ca+ is not pumped OUT, its concentration in muscle cells remains high, stimulating contraction. Digitoxigenin is a compound from foxglove that binds the Na+/K+ ATPase, preventing development of a Na+ gradient. As a consequence, digitoxigenin increases Ca++ concentration, since Ca++ pumping requires a Na+ gradient. Digitoxigenin is used as a heart stimulant. 2. Nerve cells use the gradient of Na+ and K+ built up by the Na+/K+ pump to transmit signals. In nerve transmission, special “gates” open and close to allow Na to diffuse into nerve cells and K to diffuse out of nerve cells. 3. The first step in nerve transmission involves opening of Na+ gates. These allow Na+ to diffuse into the cell, since Na+ concentration is higher outside of cells than inside. Movement of the positively charged sodium ion causes a change in the electrical potential of the cell near the Na+ gate. To compensate for the voltage change, the K+ gates open and Na+ gates close, allowing K+ to flow out of the cell. This results in an overcompensation of the voltage. The K+ gates close and …

Organic chemistry: Biochemistry. How to draw amino acids. Acid/base properties of amino acids. Finding net charge of amino acids and peptides (proteins) at a specified pH. Zwitterions; finding the pI of amino acids and peptides. Peptide (amide) bonds. Amino acid sequencing with partial digestion by proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin. Total acid hydrolysis (TAH) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student’s permission. These videos are offered on a “pay-what-you-like” basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance-teacher.com For printable documents containing the amino acid table and a problem discussed in this video series, go to my website. For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: www.youtube.com (1) Nucleophilic attack of an amine on a carboxylic acid to form an amide (peptide) bond. How to draw amino acids—alanine, isoleucine (2) Valine, arginine, lysine, glycine, histidine (3) Proline, tyrosine (4) Acid/base properties of amino acids; how to determine net charge of an amino acid at varying pHs (5) Continued (6) Determining the net charge on an amino acid at a specified pH (arginine) (7) Continued. pI of an amino acid (8) Continued (9) Continued (10) Peptides; peptide (amide) bonds (11) Continued. pI of a peptide (12) Continued (13) Continued (histidine) (14) Continued (15) Amino acid …

Organic chemistry: Biochemistry. How to draw amino acids. Acid/base properties of amino acids. Finding net charge of amino acids and peptides (proteins) at a specified pH. Zwitterions; finding the pI of amino acids and peptides. Peptide (amide) bonds. Amino acid sequencing with partial digestion by proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin. Total acid hydrolysis (TAH) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student’s permission. These videos are offered on a “pay-what-you-like” basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance-teacher.com For a printable document containing the amino acid table discussed in this video series, go to my website. For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: www.youtube.com (1) Nucleophilic attack of an amine on a carboxylic acid to form an amide (peptide) bond. How to draw amino acids—alanine, isoleucine (2) Valine, arginine, lysine, glycine, histidine (3) Proline, tyrosine (4) Acid/base properties of amino acids; how to determine net charge of an amino acid at varying pHs (5) Continued (6) Determining the net charge on an amino acid at a specified pH (arginine) (7) Continued. pI of an amino acid (8) Continued (9) Continued (10) Peptides; peptide (amide) bonds (11) Continued. pI of a peptide (12) Continued (13) Continued (histidine) (14) Continued (15) Amino acid sequencing with …

Organic chemistry: Biochemistry. How to draw amino acids. Acid/base properties of amino acids. Finding net charge of amino acids and peptides (proteins) at a specified pH. Zwitterions; finding the pI of amino acids and peptides. Peptide (amide) bonds. Amino acid sequencing with partial digestion by proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin. Total acid hydrolysis (TAH) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student’s permission. These videos are offered on a “pay-what-you-like” basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance-teacher.com For a printable document containing the amino acid table discussed in this video series, go to my website. For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: www.youtube.com (1) Nucleophilic attack of an amine on a carboxylic acid to form an amide (peptide) bond. How to draw amino acids—alanine, isoleucine (2) Valine, arginine, lysine, glycine, histidine (3) Proline, tyrosine (4) Acid/base properties of amino acids; how to determine net charge of an amino acid at varying pHs (5) Continued (6) Determining the net charge on an amino acid at a specified pH (arginine) (7) Continued. pI of an amino acid (8) Continued (9) Continued (10) Peptides; peptide (amide) bonds (11) Continued. pI of a peptide (12) Continued (13) Continued (histidine) (14) Continued (15) Amino acid sequencing with …

Organic chemistry: Biochemistry. How to draw amino acids. Acid/base properties of amino acids. Finding net charge of amino acids and peptides (proteins) at a specified pH. Zwitterions; finding the pI of amino acids and peptides. Peptide (amide) bonds. Amino acid sequencing with partial digestion by proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin. Total acid hydrolysis (TAH) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student’s permission. These videos are offered on a “pay-what-you-like” basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance-teacher.com For a printable document containing the amino acid table discussed in this video series, go to my website. For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: www.youtube.com (1) Nucleophilic attack of an amine on a carboxylic acid to form an amide (peptide) bond. How to draw amino acids—alanine, isoleucine (2) Valine, arginine, lysine, glycine, histidine (3) Proline, tyrosine (4) Acid/base properties of amino acids; how to determine net charge of an amino acid at varying pHs (5) Continued (6) Determining the net charge on an amino acid at a specified pH (arginine) (7) Continued. pI of an amino acid (8) Continued (9) Continued (10) Peptides; peptide (amide) bonds (11) Continued. pI of a peptide (12) Continued (13) Continued (histidine) (14) Continued (15) Amino acid sequencing with …

Organic chemistry: Biochemistry. How to draw amino acids. Acid/base properties of amino acids. Finding net charge of amino acids and peptides (proteins) at a specified pH. Zwitterions; finding the pI of amino acids and peptides. Peptide (amide) bonds. Amino acid sequencing with partial digestion by proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin. Total acid hydrolysis (TAH) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student’s permission. These videos are offered on a “pay-what-you-like” basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance-teacher.com For a printable document containing the amino acid table discussed in this video series, go to my website. For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: www.youtube.com (1) Nucleophilic attack of an amine on a carboxylic acid to form an amide (peptide) bond. How to draw amino acids—alanine, isoleucine (2) Valine, arginine, lysine, glycine, histidine (3) Proline, tyrosine (4) Acid/base properties of amino acids; how to determine net charge of an amino acid at varying pHs (5) Continued (6) Determining the net charge on an amino acid at a specified pH (arginine) (7) Continued. pI of an amino acid (8) Continued (9) Continued (10) Peptides; peptide (amide) bonds (11) Continued. pI of a peptide (12) Continued (13) Continued (histidine) (14) Continued (15) Amino acid sequencing with …

Organic chemistry: Biochemistry. How to draw amino acids. Acid/base properties of amino acids. Finding net charge of amino acids and peptides (proteins) at a specified pH. Zwitterions; finding the pI of amino acids and peptides. Peptide (amide) bonds. Amino acid sequencing with partial digestion by proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin. Total acid hydrolysis (TAH) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student’s permission. These videos are offered on a “pay-what-you-like” basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance-teacher.com For printable documents containing the amino acid table and a problem discussed in this video series, go to my website. For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: www.youtube.com (1) Nucleophilic attack of an amine on a carboxylic acid to form an amide (peptide) bond. How to draw amino acids—alanine, isoleucine (2) Valine, arginine, lysine, glycine, histidine (3) Proline, tyrosine (4) Acid/base properties of amino acids; how to determine net charge of an amino acid at varying pHs (5) Continued (6) Determining the net charge on an amino acid at a specified pH (arginine) (7) Continued. pI of an amino acid (8) Continued (9) Continued (10) Peptides; peptide (amide) bonds (11) Continued. pI of a peptide (12) Continued (13) Continued (histidine) (14) Continued (15) Amino acid …

Organic chemistry: Biochemistry. How to draw amino acids. Acid/base properties of amino acids. Finding net charge of amino acids and peptides (proteins) at a specified pH. Zwitterions; finding the pI of amino acids and peptides. Peptide (amide) bonds. Amino acid sequencing with partial digestion by proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin. Total acid hydrolysis (TAH) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student’s permission. These videos are offered on a “pay-what-you-like” basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance-teacher.com For a printable document containing the amino acid table discussed in this video series, go to my website. For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: www.youtube.com (1) Nucleophilic attack of an amine on a carboxylic acid to form an amide (peptide) bond. How to draw amino acids—alanine, isoleucine (2) Valine, arginine, lysine, glycine, histidine (3) Proline, tyrosine (4) Acid/base properties of amino acids; how to determine net charge of an amino acid at varying pHs (5) Continued (6) Determining the net charge on an amino acid at a specified pH (arginine) (7) Continued. pI of an amino acid (8) Continued (9) Continued (10) Peptides; peptide (amide) bonds (11) Continued. pI of a peptide (12) Continued (13) Continued (histidine) (14) Continued (15) Amino acid sequencing with …

Organic chemistry: Biochemistry. How to draw amino acids. Acid/base properties of amino acids. Finding net charge of amino acids and peptides (proteins) at a specified pH. Zwitterions; finding the pI of amino acids and peptides. Peptide (amide) bonds. Amino acid sequencing with partial digestion by proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin. Total acid hydrolysis (TAH) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student’s permission. These videos are offered on a “pay-what-you-like” basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance-teacher.com For a printable document containing the amino acid table discussed in this video series, go to my website. For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: www.youtube.com (1) Nucleophilic attack of an amine on a carboxylic acid to form an amide (peptide) bond. How to draw amino acids—alanine, isoleucine (2) Valine, arginine, lysine, glycine, histidine (3) Proline, tyrosine (4) Acid/base properties of amino acids; how to determine net charge of an amino acid at varying pHs (5) Continued (6) Determining the net charge on an amino acid at a specified pH (arginine) (7) Continued. pI of an amino acid (8) Continued (9) Continued (10) Peptides; peptide (amide) bonds (11) Continued. pI of a peptide (12) Continued (13) Continued (histidine) (14) Continued (15) Amino acid sequencing with …

Organic chemistry: Biochemistry. How to draw amino acids. Acid/base properties of amino acids. Finding net charge of amino acids and peptides (proteins) at a specified pH. Zwitterions; finding the pI of amino acids and peptides. Peptide (amide) bonds. Amino acid sequencing with partial digestion by proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin. Total acid hydrolysis (TAH) This is a recording of a tutoring session, posted with the student’s permission. These videos are offered on a “pay-what-you-like” basis. You can pay for the use of the videos at my website: www.freelance-teacher.com For a printable document containing the amino acid table and a problem discussed in this video series, go to my website. For a list of all the available video series, arranged in suggested viewing order, go to my website. For a playlist containing all the videos in this series, click here: www.youtube.com (1) Nucleophilic attack of an amine on a carboxylic acid to form an amide (peptide) bond. How to draw amino acids—alanine, isoleucine (2) Valine, arginine, lysine, glycine, histidine (3) Proline, tyrosine (4) Acid/base properties of amino acids; how to determine net charge of an amino acid at varying pHs (5) Continued (6) Determining the net charge on an amino acid at a specified pH (arginine) (7) Continued. pI of an amino acid (8) Continued (9) Continued (10) Peptides; peptide (amide) bonds (11) Continued. pI of a peptide (12) Continued (13) Continued (histidine) (14) Continued (15) Amino acid …